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- <text id=89TT1080>
- <title>
- Apr. 24, 1989: Soviet Union:With Georgia On His Mind
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Apr. 24, 1989 The Rat Race
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 33
- SOVIET UNION
- With Georgia on His Mind
- </hdr><body>
- <p>Gorbachev faces yet another violent eruption of nationalism
- </p>
- <p>By Nancy Traver/Moscow
- </p>
- <p> Shortly after noon last Thursday, crockery rattled as a
- quake hit Tbilisi, the capital of the Soviet Republic of
- Georgia. It was a minor tremor -- especially when compared with
- the political convulsion that shook the city four days earlier.
- Then, at a rally that stretched into the early-morning hours of
- Sunday, tens of thousands of Georgians listened to a megaphone
- of speakers demand greater freedom from Moscow. Many protesters
- carried the black-white-and-claret flag that waved during
- Georgia's most recent period of independence, from 1918 to
- 1921. Others hoisted signs that read DOWN WITH THE DECAYING
- SOVIET EMPIRE.
- </p>
- <p> At 4 a.m., some 6,000 demonstrators remained, refusing to
- leave. Catholicos-Patriarch of the Georgian Orthodox Church Ilya
- II warned the crowd of an impending "horror," but he was hooted
- down. Suddenly the streetlights went out, and darkness descended
- on Rustaveli Prospekt, the city's main avenue. Waves of
- soldiers, supported by tanks and armored personnel carriers,
- swept into the crowd carrying clubs and spades. Some citizens
- fought back with rocks. Others bolted, trampling women and the
- elderly.
- </p>
- <p> When the street fell silent, 16 people lay dead and nearly
- 250 were injured; three later died of their wounds. It was the
- worst day of ethnic violence in the Soviet Union since February
- 1988, when 32 died after gangs of Azerbaijanis hunted down
- Armenians in the Azerbaijan city of Sumgait. The authorities
- immediately imposed an 11 p.m.-to-6 a.m. curfew. Foreign
- Minister Eduard Shevardnadze, a native of Georgia, canceled a
- trip to East and West Germany and flew to Tbilisi, where he
- appealed for calm. A government commission was set up to
- investigate the deaths, and Georgian party boss Dzhumber
- Patiashvili resigned along with two other members of the
- republic's ruling Politburo. In an emotional speech reported on
- Vremya, the nightly news program, Patiashvili had already
- admitted that "this is our mutual grief, and we are
- responsible."
- </p>
- <p> The Soviet leadership closed Tbilisi to foreign journalists,
- but it could not hide from the truth: the thorny problem of
- nationalism had erupted in violence yet again in one of Mikhail
- Gorbachev's non-Russian republics. From the Baltic republics to
- earthquake-devastated Armenia, greater independence from Moscow
- has become a rallying cry. The latest troubles began last month,
- when a minority group known as the Abkhazians, who live in an
- autonomous enclave in the western part of Georgia, demanded full
- independence. Georgians, who account for 48% of the population
- in Abkhazia where Abkhazians are a mere 17%, staged
- counterprotests, which quickly spread to Tbilisi and mushroomed
- into calls for more autonomy from Moscow and even secession. As
- funeral processions snaked through Tbilisi's streets last week,
- Gorbachev said he was "deeply grieved" by the tragedy but warned
- that "we will not allow a blow to be dealt to the brotherhood
- of the U.S.S.R. or to the cause of reform."
- </p>
- <p> In 1978, when Moscow attempted to replace Georgian with
- Russian as the republic's official language, protesters flooded
- the avenues of Tbilisi. But the region's party secretary
- defused the crisis by boldly stepping before the angry crowds
- and announcing that he agreed with them. His name: Eduard
- Shevardnadze.
- </p>
- <p> Shevardnadze persuaded Moscow that its plans were foolish,
- but he may not be as successful in placating tempers this time.
- Only a public trial and punishment of the army officers
- responsible for the decision to clear the crowd is likely to
- satisfy the Georgians, and many will still press for more
- independence from Moscow. The Supreme Soviet last week issued a
- double-edged decree that is not likely to improve matters. It
- replaces discredited laws against dissidents but conveniently
- enables the state to imprison those found guilty of "kindling
- inter-ethnic or racial hostility." Unless ethnic passions in
- Tbilisi can be lulled, the Georgians may find themselves among
- the first to test that new law.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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